His home town of Valladolid was renamed Morelia and the government also created Morelos, a state in Mexico. In sculptor Julian Martinez created a bronze statue of Morelos. He is shown astride his mount and dressed for battle. Meyer, William L. Sherman, Susan M. Do you find this information helpful? A small donation would help us keep this accessible to all. The revenues produced from this contemptible tax are incalculable.
From the above, at least two observations may be made. A reasonable calculation is that the document was written in late October or early November of , since Venegas at that time was engaged in negotiations with the merchants of the capital.
At any rate, the plan was written at some time before Morelos even considered calling a congress, and it was not among the recommendations he submitted to it after it assembled in Chilpancingo in September, Even the recommendations of Point No.
Nevertheless, the flood of arguments do provoke a certain uneasiness, and it would be desirable that they were less numerous and more provocative. If they are examined without prejudice and with detachment, they leave a shadow of doubt; and if they do not permit one to state with absolute certainty that the plan was signed, written, and edited by Morelos, neither could it be said that it is alien to his ideas and acts, nor could it be classed as an indelible blot.
Teja Zabre then summarized the arguments that had been advanced regarding authorship and interpretation, and replied to each. The expressions of religious sentiment were lacking in the document, declared Teja Zabre, because it was primarily a military plan, and its contents were intended to remain private and confidential.
Furthermore, there were many other documents written by Morelos which did not contain religious sentiments. With regard to an argument that Morelos was not the type to recommend such drastic and destructive policies for example, the lenient terms extended by Morelos in the capitulation of the royalists at Acapulco , Teja Zabre replied that Morelos did not necessarily plan to employ such measures at all times, but only when the situation seemed to demand it.
As to the possibility that the document was a falsification or an invention, Teja Zabre has insisted that much misunderstanding would remain unless its confidential nature was taken into account, together with the military purpose for which it was drafted.
Presumably, the premise that Morelos authored the document would continue to be accepted until additional light could be shed to prove otherwise. It shows that when the documents in Cuaderno No. One additional point which has been overlooked is that Morelos affixed his signature and rubric to everything he drafted, even though the actual writing was usually done by a secretary.
But perhaps the best proof that Morelos did not author the controversial document is to offer evidence as conclusive as possible to show that someone else did.
The Guadalupes probably began to function as an organization about , and they worked indefatigably for the cause, assisting the insurgents in a variety of ways, especially in their espionage activities and the transmitting of vital information about developments in the capital to the insurgent commanders in the field.
As a group, the Guadalupes were well educated, perceptive, dedicated, enterprising, and extremely articulate; and they never lacked for new ideas or plans for hastening the day of victory. On the night of March 4, Calleja held a meeting and pointed out that the government, was in need of a million and a half pesos. This means that it is the chief resource the government has for carrying on the war, and that if it does not have tobacco, it is helpless.
So if this product could be burned, it would be the greatest blow this government has ever received; and it will be the greatest pleasure for us to refrain from smoking, if the government can be deprived of the revenue from this product.. The last time you went to the Orizaba area and ordered the tobacco to be burned, very little of it was actually destroyed because the people hid it in their homes.
After you left, the government returned, gathered all it could, and had the satisfaction of discovering that only a small part was missing. This will advise you that on your next trip to Orizaba, you will not want this to happen again. A second clue relates to a phrase in Point No. For their services and help, the Guadalupes were to receive 45, pesos, a sum that greatly excited them when they considered ways in which it could be applied in behalf of the revolutionary effort.
But the merchants also appealed to Viceroy Venegas and convinced him that in the interest of a safe delivery of the cargo, he should initiate negotiations for a cessation of hostilities. He informed Morelos about the plan, said that he would suspend all negotiations if he detected duplicity, and promised that he would make no commitments without the approval of Morelos and the other leading insurgent commanders.
When the appointed time arrived, however, Lobo failed to appear, and the proposed conference was never held. Viceroy Venegas had apparently changed his mind about a cessation of hostilities.
He worked as a farm hand, muleteer, and menial laborer until entering the seminary. The director of his school was none other than Miguel Hidalgo leader of the Mexican revolution who must have left an impression on the young Morelos. His career as a priest was solid and he enjoyed the favor of his superiors. Unlike Hidalgo, he showed no propensity for "dangerous thoughts" before the revolution of On September 16 , , Hidalgo issued the famous " Cry of Dolores " to kick off Mexico's struggle for independence.
Hidalgo was soon joined by others, including former royal officer Ignacio Allende , and together they raised an army of liberation. Morelos made his way to the rebel army and met with Hidalgo, who made him a lieutenant and ordered him to raise an army in the south and march on Acapulco. They went their separate ways after the meeting. Hidalgo would get close to Mexico City but was eventually defeated at the Battle of Calderon Bridge, captured shortly thereafter, and executed for treason.
Morelos, however, was just getting started. Ever the proper priest, Morelos coolly informed his superiors that he was joining the rebellion so that they could appoint a replacement. He began rounding up men and marching west. Unlike Hidalgo, Morelos preferred a small, well-armed, well-disciplined army that could move fast and strike without warning. He would often reject recruits who worked the fields, telling them instead to raise food to feed the army in the days to come.
By November, he had an army of 2, men and on November 12, he occupied the medium-sized town of Aguacatillo, near Acapulco.
Morelos was crushed to learn of the capture of Hidalgo and Allende in early Still, he fought on, laying an abortive siege to Acapulco before taking the city of Oaxaca in December of Morelos was often in the field but always had representatives at the meetings of Congress, where they pushed on his behalf for formal independence, equal rights for all Mexicans, and continued privilege of the Catholic Church in Mexican affairs. By , the Spanish had finally organized a response to the Mexican insurgents.
Felix Calleja, the general who had defeated Hidalgo at the Battle of Calderon Bridge, was made Viceroy, and he pursued an aggressive strategy of quashing the rebellion. He divided and conquered the pockets of resistance in the north before turning his attention to Morelos and the south. Celleja moved into the south in force, capturing towns and executing prisoners. In December of , the insurgents lost a key battle at Valladolid and were put on the defensive. Morelos felt a true connection to his people, and they loved him for it.
He fought to remove all class and race distinctions.
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