Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions happen. Carries genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell. Where most respiration reactions happen. Contains a liquid called cell sap, which keeps the cell firm.
Cytoplasm also helps to move things around in the cells such as hormones and dissolves any cellular waste that may occur. Cytoplasm moves items around in the cell in a process called cytoplasmic streaming. It also has numerous salts, so it conducts electricity very well. Cytoplasm is also a means of transportation for genetic material in cell division. It is a buffer to protect the genetic material of the cell and keep the organelles from damage when they move and collide with each other.
If a cell would be without cytoplasm it could not retain its shape and would be deflated and flat. The organelles would not stay suspended in the solution of a cell without the support of cytoplasm. Cytoplasm has two main components: the endoplasm and the ectoplasm.
The endoplasm is located in the central area of the cytoplasm, and it contains organelles. The ectoplasm is the gel-like substance on the outer portion of the cytoplasm of a cell. Cytoplasm is a heterogeneous mixture of both opaque granules and organic compounds. This combination of these two components gives it the colloidal nature to suspend the organelles in the liquid of the cytoplasm in a cell. Cytoplasm contains many different shapes and sizes of particles in it and holds them in place in the cell.
Cytoplasm contains proteins that are 20 to 25 percent soluble, and this includes enzymes. Carbohydrates, lipids and inorganic salts are particles in cytoplasm. The outermost layer of cytoplasm, the plasmogel, can absorb water or remove it, and it is based on the cells need for liquid. This is called the stomatal guard cell in plants leaves. The chemical composition of cytoplasm is 90 percent water and 10 percent of organic and inorganic compounds that vary in proportions.
Prokaryotic cells belong to organisms such as bacteria, and they do not have a nucleus that is bound inside of the cells. In these types of cells, the cytoplasm is all of the contents of the cell that are bound by the outer cell membrane. In eukaryotic cells in plants, animals and humans, there is a nucleus, and the cytoplasm surrounding it has three main components of cytosol, organelles and cytoplasmic inclusions.
The nucleus of a cell is the command center. It is a structure containing the hereditary information, and its job is to control the growth and reproduction of a cell. The nucleus is the most prominent organelle in all cells. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope which is a double membrane. It separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm with a double layer of lipids. The envelope maintains the shape of the nucleus and regulates how the molecules flow both in and out of the nucleus through tiny holes called nuclear pores.
In prokaryotes, they consist of three strands of RNA. In addition the optical and electron microscope, scientists are able to use a number of other techniques to probe the mysteries of the animal cell. Cells can be disassembled by chemical methods and their individual organelles and macromolecules isolated for study. The process of cell fractionation enables the scientist to prepare specific components, the mitochondria for example, in large quantities for investigations of their composition and functions.
Using this approach, cell biologists have been able to assign various functions to specific locations within the cell. However, the era of fluorescent proteins has brought microscopy to the forefront of biology by enabling scientists to target living cells with highly localized probes for studies that don't interfere with the delicate balance of life processes.
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The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell.
All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell. Within the cytoplasm, materials move by diffusion , a physical process that can work only for short distances. Cytoplasmic organelles are "little organs" that are suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell.
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